Visual impairments in the first year after traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND This article reviews literature regarding individuals with traumatic brain injury who have vision related impairments up to one year, post-injury. Such impairments may impact rehabilitation of activities of daily living and mobility since vision is integral in much of what one does on a daily basis. METHODS Search of Medline, Ovid, and PubMed was performed using terms including: traumatic brain injury, visual deficits after brain injury, vision and traumatic brain injury, and ADLs after brain injury. RESULTS Eighteen studies were analyzed and reviewed. A range of visual and visual-motor impairments are seen across the severity of traumatic brain injury. Visual impairment negatively impacts independence in mobility and activities of daily living. Common sensorimotor visual symptoms reported by those with traumatic brain injury include blurred vision, reading problems, double vision or eyestrain, dizziness or disequilibrium in visually-crowded environments, visual field defects, light sensitivity, and color blindness. CONCLUSIONS This review should alert the reader to common visual complaints and defects seen after traumatic brain injury. It is important to screen persons who have suffered traumatic brain injury for sensorimotor vision deficits early on in recovery so that these issues may be addressed and recovery of function and independence in the community are not delayed.